土庫(kù)曼天然氣管道的工業(yè)環(huán)狀交換機(jī)ROSENS將工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)帶入了沙漠

在夏季+40°C，冬季-20°C的卡拉庫(kù)沙漠里的土庫(kù)曼，光纖網(wǎng)已開通，這樣MICROSENS的工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品也在這一地區(qū)被使用。這個(gè)例子表明，工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)遠(yuǎn)不止是辦公自動(dòng)化。以太網(wǎng)作為全球唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的協(xié)議，正在逐漸被運(yùn)用到越來(lái)越多的領(lǐng)域。

Industrial Ethernet is not just a buzzword but rather a term for the use of Ethernet components with high reliability in tough conditions. Classical field-bus systems have long been on the way out. On one hand, the Ethernet solutions can be realised considerably more efficiently, and on the other, the merging with corporate networks that use Ethernet anyway is being pushed.

工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)不只是一個(gè)口號(hào)，而是在惡劣的環(huán)境下以太網(wǎng)組件高可靠性的代名詞。傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線系統(tǒng)早已過(guò)時(shí)。一方面，以太網(wǎng)解決方案的實(shí)現(xiàn)更為高效。在另一方面，MICROSENS正在推進(jìn)與其他使用以太網(wǎng)的企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的合并。

Furthermore, industrial Ethernet is the only global communication standard for the management and control of production processes. Existing proprietary standards tended to serve as protection for manufacturers of communication equipment and to tie the user to the respective company. Among others, this is also a reason why many efforts to establish a uniform industry standard have not been successful. Only Ethernet facilitates the combination of components from different manufacturers.

此外，工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)是管理和控制生產(chǎn)流程的全球唯一通訊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。現(xiàn)有的專有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)往往傾向于保護(hù)通信設(shè)備制造商，并把用戶綁定到所屬公司。另外，這也是下面問(wèn)題的合理解釋，即人們?yōu)榻⒁粋€(gè)統(tǒng)一的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)付出了艱辛勞動(dòng)，可最終一無(wú)所獲。只有以太網(wǎng)便于來(lái)自不同廠家的產(chǎn)品的組合。

Industrial Ethernet incorporates switches, hubs and media converters that are characterised by a special design. Attachment to 35 mm DIN top-hat rails, a power supply with 24 V direct current, an enhanced temperature range for operations and an increased protection class against dust or splash-water are typical of these appliances.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組成元件

工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)的集成交換機(jī)、集線器和媒體轉(zhuǎn)換器都是特別設(shè)計(jì)的。35 mm DIN 頂帽子鐵，24 V直流電源，較大的作業(yè)溫差，增強(qiáng)防塵或防濺水之類的設(shè)備都是它里面的典型應(yīng)用。

Furthermore, some components have special provisions for failure safety. In addition to the connection of redundant power supplies, special power supplies support fault-tolerant ring topologies, meaning that a disruption can be restricted to a maximum of one switch. If a connection line fails, the network can even continue to work entirely on its own. To facilitate rapid reaction times, fault recognition is usually carried out by newly developed mechanisms. Irrespective of this, the user can still resort to standards such as Rapid Spanning Tree.

此外，有些組成元件有專門的針對(duì)安全問(wèn)題的特殊設(shè)備。除了連接冗余電源外，還可以連接支持容錯(cuò)環(huán)狀拓?fù)涞奶厥怆娫矗纯芍袛嗥渲腥魏我粋€(gè)交換機(jī)。如果一條連接線失敗，整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)依然可以繼續(xù)工作。為了方便快速識(shí)別錯(cuò)誤，故障識(shí)別通常采用新機(jī)制。除這些外，用戶還可以采取其他途徑，如快速生成樹。

In the area of industrial networking, an intelligent combination of copper and fibre optic segments has prevailed on the market. On one hand, classical copper cables are used for the cost-effective connection of terminals such as machine controls, industry PCs, signalisation or monitoring systems to the network. On the other hand, fibre optics have established themselves for the connection between the switches, thanks to their favourable transmission features.

光纜超過(guò)銅纜

在工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域，銅纜和光纜的智能結(jié)合在市場(chǎng)上已很普遍。一方面，人們使用傳統(tǒng)銅纜是基于連接終端諸如機(jī)器控制，工控機(jī)，信號(hào)發(fā)送或監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)等和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連接成本考慮的。另一方面，由于光纖良好的傳輸特性，這樣交換機(jī)之間的連接更迅速。

When Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet is used, the same transmission speeds are realised on copper and fibre optic cables. However, the advantages of fibre optic lie in its insensitivity to electro-magnetic disruptive influences, in the greater transmission distances that can be realised and the simple handling for installation and routing.

當(dāng)采用快速以太網(wǎng)或千兆以太網(wǎng)時(shí)，銅纜和光纜具有相同的傳輸速度。然而，光纖的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于它不受電磁干擾的影響，可進(jìn)行更長(zhǎng)距離的傳輸以及它簡(jiǎn)易的安裝和路由。